2020年考研英語一翻譯題真題及答案解析
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Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.
During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations. many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.
48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.
The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude' or‘dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.
參考答案：
46.隨著文藝復興使教會的指導和思考方式黯然失色，中世紀和現代的差距已然擴大，導向嶄新的和未經探索的知識領域。
47.在他們任何一位揭露事實之前，當時的許多思想家維持著更為古老的思考方式,包括地心說的觀點，即地球是宇宙的中心。
48.盡管教會嘗試去壓制新- -代的邏輯學家和理性主義者,但更多對宇宙如何運行的探索以- -種人們無法忽視的速度不斷開展。
49.許多人負起責任，嘗試將理性與科學的哲學融入這個世界，文藝復興結束，是時候走進新時代了。
50.一個拉丁語的短語表達了這種尋求知識并理解我們已知信息的行動: ’sapereaude',或‘敢于求知’
PartC答案解析：
由于文藝復興時期教會的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀和現代時期之間的差距得以彌合，導致了新的和未開發的知識領域。
47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.
每個啟示出現之前，當時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點，該觀點認為地球是我們宇宙的中心。
48. Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.
盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學家和理性主義者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進行著。
49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.
正當很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學哲理融入到世界時，文藝復興結束了，而此時一個新的時代到來了。
50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's ‘Sapere aude’ or ’dare to know’.
這些探索知識并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“Sapere aude”或英文“dare to know”描述。
【解析】
1. 本句主干為 the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged(中世紀和現代時期之間的差距得以彌合)
2. With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance做伴隨狀語，其中being eclipsed是with+賓語+賓補結構的一部分。
3. leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories現在分詞作結果狀語。
【參考譯文】
由于文藝復興時期教會的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀和現代時期之間的差距得以彌合，導致了新的和未開發的知識領域。
47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.
【解析】
1. 本句主干為many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking(當時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式) ，其中 at the time作后置定語修飾many thinkers 。
2. Before each of their revelations部分為時間狀語。
3. including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe，分詞作后置定語修飾ways of thinking，其中that后是同位語從句修飾限定view。
【參考譯文】在每個啟示之前，當時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點，該觀點認為地球是我們宇宙的中心。
48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.
【解析】
1. 本句主干為more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made(更多對于宇宙是如何運作的探索正在進行著)，其中for后面是how引導的賓語從句。
2. Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists
做方式狀語，其中to suppress...作后置定語修飾attempts
3. that people could no longer ignore做定語從句修飾rate。
【參考譯文】
盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學家和理性主義者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進行著。
49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for an Age of Reason.
【解析】
1. 本句主干為the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era. (文藝復興結束了，而此時一個新的時代到來了)，是兩個并列單句。
2. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world為時間狀語從句，as譯為“當.......什么時候”
(1) took on the duty，意思為“承擔責任”
(2) of后是介賓短語作后置定語修飾duty。
【參考譯文】
正當很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學哲理融入到世界時，文藝復興結束了，而此時一個新的理性時代到來了。
50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's‘Sapere aude’or‘dare to know’.
【解析】
1. 本句是一簡單句，主干的謂語動詞是were captured
2. to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew 部分是不定式作后置定語，修飾such actions，其中what information we already knew是 understand 的賓語從句。
【參考譯文】
試圖去尋求知識和理解我們已有信息這種行動由拉丁文詞語 ‘Sapere aude’ 或 ‘dare to know’來描述。
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